Through hypnosis work, Freud discovered our unconscious process, which was a significant finding especially in psychoanalysis. Although Freud attempted to use hypnosis, it was free association that he invested in which clients talk freely and the clinician analyses their deep psychology. Later, in the midth century, Melanie Kline, the leading developer of the object relation theory, reported that Freud became too authoritative in hypnosis, which hindered his hypnosis results.
What was unique in his approach was that he was not interested in identifying the cause of the symptoms, like many other clinicians back then, instead his focus was on helping patients release their symptoms by stopping the defence functions. He made outstanding clinical successes, and his methods were called Ericksonian hypnosis, which was strongly embedded in other contemporary approaches such as neuro-linguistic programming NLP.
Since then, the science of hypnosis has been developed rigorously. What I would like to highlight in the practice of hypnosis is that it happens on an agreement between a clinician and patient.
Many people have the misconception that a clinician can make their patients do whatever they want to do, but that is impossible. Some people may argue that in stage hypnosis, a hypnotist makes the volunteered participants do funny things, but this would also only be done with their full agreement. Freud later replaced hypnosis with the technique of free associations. Today, hypnosis is used as a form of therapy hypnotherapy , a method of investigation to recover lost memories, and research tool.
Mesmer is generally thought of as the fons et origo of modern psychotherapy; and from the early techniques of mesmerism, it is said, have evolved the more elaborate and sophisticated therapeutic measures of the analyst and his colleagues.
Ernest Hilgard — Hilgard was an eminent psychologist, professor at Stanford University, who developed the Stanford Hypnotic Susceptibility Scales along with his colleague Weitzenhoffer. Weitzenhoffer considered Bernheim to be the true father of modern hypnotherapy and was a critic of Ericksonian and cognitive-behavioural approaches to hypnotism.
He was one of the earliest pioneer of the nonstate theory of hypnosis which he interpreted using the social psychological concept of role-taking. Martin T. Orne was a pioneer of research into false memory and warned against the risk of hypnosis distorting recall, especially when used in police investigations. Theodore X. Barber — Barber was one of the most prolific researchers in the field of hypnosis. Neuro-linguistic Programming NLP In the s, a controversial theory of inter-personal influence and self-help called neuro-linguistic programming NLP was developed by Richard Bandler, John Grinder, and their associates.
Bandler and Grinder claimed that their theory and practice modelled the skills of various individuals including Milton Erickson, although this has been disputed by authorities such as Weitzenhoffer. NLP itself is not usually considered a branch of hypnotism, although many hypnotherapists employ NLP. In more recent times, the recognised leading authority on clinical hypnosis was Milton H.
Erickson, MD , a remarkable man and a highly effective psychotherapist. As a teenager he was stricken with polio and paralysed, but he remobilized himself. It was while paralysed that he had an unusual opportunity to observe people, and he noticed that what people said and what they did were often very different. He became fascinated by human psychology and devised countless innovative and creative ways to heal people.
It is becoming more and more accepted that an understanding of Hypnosis is essential for the efficient practice of every type of psychotherapy. Over the years hypnosis has gained ground and respectability within the medical profession. Although hypnosis and medicine are not the same, they are now acknowledged as being related, and it is only a matter of time before hypnosis becomes a mainstream practice, as acceptable to the general public as a visit to the dentist. T: admin hypnotherapy-london.
You are here: Home The History of Hypnosis. History of Hypnosis The earliest references to hypnosis date back to ancient Egypt and Greece.
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